COURSE HOLDER
Francesca Pennecchi

COURSE DESCRIPTION
The Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM), published in 1995 by BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP and OIML, has served well for many years, providing a standard and universally agreed procedure for uncertainty evaluation. The Working Group 1 of the Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM-WG1) published two supplements to the GUM (JCGM 101:2008 and JCGM 102:2011) and is currently developing several new documents to overcome some of the limitations intrinsic in the GUM approach.
This course will address the main aspects of the uncertainty evaluation together with their application to some metrological examples. Relevant references and available software will also be discussed.

COURSE TOPICS
- The Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM) and its documents 
- Basic probability concepts
- The GUM (JCGM 100:2008)
- Definitions, concepts, metrological terms
- Measurement model
- Estimation of the measurand
- Evaluation of the input standard uncertainties (Type A and Type B)
- Evaluation of the input covariances
- Law of propagation of uncertainty (LPU)
- Linearization of the model
- Expanded uncertainty and coverage intervals
- Limitations to the GUM applicability
- Supplement 1 to the GUM (JCGM 101:2008): Propagation of distributions using a Monte Carlo method (MCM for univariate models)
- Supplement 2 to the GUM (JCGM 102:2011): Extension to any number of output quantities (LPU and MCM for multivariate models)
- Software for uncertainty evaluation
- Examples from several fields of application
- Hints on Bayesian inference and conformity assessment according to JCGM 106:2012

HOURS
20

FREQUENCY
Biennial (every two years in rotation with the “Fundaments of Metrology” 01RRCRU course)

LEVEL
Intermediate