INRiM develops frequency standards that realize and disseminate the SI second across complementary technologies. The cesium fountain provides the primary microwave realization and supports contributions to TAI, while optical lattice clocks (ytterbium and strontium) deliver the lowest uncertainties in view of the future redefinition of the second. 

The current plan includes the development of a portable optical clock and a new stationary Yb system, alongside new international comparisons and further TAI contributions using the operating optical clock. 

A new quantum-enhanced spectroscopy chamber is being installed and characterized for the Sr clock to enable advanced interrogation and improved performance, supported by theoretical modeling. Complementary work continues on compact references, including the miniaturization of the Rb optical sample in vapor cells, to support deployable timing solutions.