The sector develops novel quantum standards based on the quantum Hall effect and the Josephson effect, including dual Shapiro steps for quantised current generation. It focuses on traceable low-noise quantum current sources for small currents, supported by QHE modelling, 2D materials characterisation, and advanced noise analysis.

The sector develops novel quantum standards grounded on quantum Hall physics, single-charge control and the Josephson effect, including its dual manifestation through dual Shapiro steps for quantised current generation. Strong emphasis is placed on quantum current sources for small-current metrology.

Activities include advanced QHE modelling, electrical characterisation and mapping of graphene and other 2D materials, supported by resistance tomography and cross-correlation noise spectroscopy to investigate transport and noise mechanisms. Nanostructured systems, including graphene, GaAs devices and quantised-conductance nanowire networks, are studied for their conductive, memristive and noise properties.

Among the objectives is the development, scaling and validation of traceable quantum current sources from the picoampere to nanoampere range.