Publications

Special issue foreword:

E. Massa and A. Nicolaus:  International determination of the Avogadro constant,  Metrologia 48 (2011)

Special issue papers:

B. Andreas, Y. Azuma, G Bartl, P. Becker, H. Bettin, M. Borys, I. Busch, P. Fuchs, K. Fujii, H. Fujimoto, E. Kessler, M. Krumrey, U. Kuetgens, N. Kuramoto, G. Mana, E. Massa, S. Mizushima, A. Nicolaus, A. Picard, A. Pramann, O. Rienitz, D. Schiel, S. Valkiers, A. Waseda and S. Zakel: Counting the atoms in a ²⁸Si crystal for a new kilogram definition. 2011,  Metrologia 48 (2011) S1-S13

S. Zakel, S. Wundrack, H. Niemann, O. Rienitz and D. Schiel: Infrared spectrometric measurement of impurities in highly enriched ‘Si28’, Metrologia 48 (2011) S14-S19

A. Pramann, O. Rienitz, D. Schiel, J. Schlote, B. Güttler and S. Valkiers: Molar mass of silicon highly enriched in ²⁸Si determined by IDMS, Metrologia 48 (2011) S20-S25

S. Valkiers, G. Mana, K. Fujii and .P Becker: Si primary standards for the calibration of ion-current ratios in the molar-mass measurement of natural Si single crystals, Metrologia 48 (2011) S26-S31

E. Bulska, M. N. Drozdov, G. Mana, A. Pramann, O. Rienitz, P. Sennikov and S. Valkiers: The isotopic composition of enriched Si: a data analysis, Metrologia 48 (2011) S32-S36

E. Massa, G. Mana, U. Kuetgens and L. Ferroglio: Measurement of the {220} lattice-plane spacing of a ²⁸Si x-ray interferometer, Metrologia 48 (2011) S37-S43

E. Massa, G. Mana, L. Ferroglio, E. G Kessler, D. Schiel and S. Zakel: The lattice parameter of the ²⁸Si spheres in the determination of the Avogadro constant, Metrologia 48 (2011) S44-S49

L. Ferroglio, G. Mana and E. Massa: The self-weight deformation of an x-ray interferometer, Metrologia 48 (2011) S50-S54

H. Fujimoto, A. Waseda and X. W. Zhang: Homogeneity characterization of lattice spacing of silicon single crystals by a self-referenced lattice comparator, Metrologia 48 (2011) S55-S61

I. Busch, Y. Azuma, H. Bettin, L. Cibik, P. Fuchs, K. Fujii, M. Krumrey, U. Kuetgens, N. Kuramoto and S. Mizushima: Surface layer determination for the Si spheres of the Avogadro project, Metrologia 48 (2011) S61-S82

N. Kuramoto, K. Fujii and K. Yamazawa: Volume measurements of  ²⁸Si spheres using an interferometer with a flat etalon to determine the Avogadro constant, Metrologia 48 (2011) S83-S95

G. Bartl, H. Bettin, M. Krystek, T. Mai, A. Nicolaus and A. Peter: Volume determination of the Avogadro spheres of highly enriched ²⁸Si with a spherical Fizeau interferometer, Metrologia 48 (2011) S96-S103

B. Andreas, L. Ferroglio, K. Fujii, N. Kuramoto and G. Mana: Phase corrections in the optical interferometer for Si sphere volume measurements at NMIJ, Metrologia 48 (2011) S104-S111

A.Picard, P.Barat, M. Borys, M.Firlus and S.Mizushima: State-of-the-art mass determination of ²⁸Si spheres for the Avogadro project, Metrologia 48 (2011) S112-S119

End special issue  papers.

·     Pramann A, Rienitz O, Schiel D, G¨uttler B and Valkiers S 2011 Novel concept for the mass spectrometric determination of absolute isotopic abundances with improved measurement uncertainty: Part 3 – Molar mass of silicon highly enriched in 28Si.2011,  Int. J. Mass Spectrometry xxx

·     B. Andreas, Y. Azuma, G. Bartl, P. Becker, H. Bettin, M. Borys, I. Busch, M. Gray, P. Fuchs, K. Fujii, H. Fujimoto, E. Kessler, M. Krumrey, U. Kuetgens, N. Kuramoto, G. Mana, P. Manson, E. Massa, S. Mizushima, A. Nicolaus, A. Picard, A. Pramann, O. Rienitz, D. Schiel, S. Valkiers, A. Waseda: An accurate determination of the Avogadro constant by counting the atoms in a ²⁸Si crystal.  2010, Cornell University Library,  arXvi.org

·     Pramann A., Rienitz O., Schiel D., Guettler B.: Novel concept for the mass spectrometric determination of absolute isotopic abundances with improved measurement uncertainty: Part 2 – Development of an experimental procedure for the determination of the molar mass of silicon using MC-ICP-MS. 2010, Int. J. Mass Spectrometry, 299 78-86

·     G. Bartl, M. Krystek, A. Nicolaus and W. Giardini: Interferometric determination of the topographies of absolute sphere radii using the sphere interferometer of PTB. 2010, Meas. Sci. Technol. 21 115101

·      M. Guida and C. Palmisano: Two-wave approximation in surface effects in asymmetric Laue crystals. 2010, Acta Cryst., A66, 470-478

·      G. Mana, J. Krempel, L. Ferroglio: Estimation of the centre of a diffraction peak by triggering the goniometer-angle readings via photon detection, 2010,  J. Appl. Cryst., 43, 83-88

·      E. Massa, G. Mana, U. Kuetgens, L. Ferroglio: Calibration of a silicon crystal for absolute nuclear spectroscopy. 2010, J. Appl. Cryst., 43, 293-296

·      G. Mana, E. Massa, S. Valkiers, G.D. Willenberg: Uncertainty assessment of Si molar mass measurements. 2010, Int. J. Mass Spectrometry, 289 6-10

·      G. Mana, O. Rienitz: The calibration of Si isotope ratio measurements. 2010, Int. J. Mass Spectrometry, 291 55-60

·     G. Mana, O. Rienitz,  A. Pramann: Measurement equations for the determination of the Si molar mass by isotope dilution mass spectrometry, Metrologia, 47 (2010), 460-463

·      O. Rienitz, A. Pramann, D. Schiel: Novel concept for the mass spectrometric determination of absolute isotopic abundances with improved measurement uncertainty: Part 1 – theoretical derivation and feasibility study.  Int. J. Mass Spectrometry, 289 47-53

·      M. Jentschel, J. Krempel and P. Mutti: A validity test of E = mc². Eur. Phys. J. 172 352-362

·     Valkiers S., Varlam M., Berglund M.: Absolute isotope amount ratio measurments on gases: A basic measurement model. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Supplement, 73, A1365

·       Nicolaus A., Bönsch G.: Aperture correction for a spherical interferometer. Metrologia 46 (2009), 668-673

·      Nicolaus A., Bartl G.: Investigations on diameter measurements of the Avogadro silicon sphere dependent on the position in the field of view of the interferometer optics. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 58, 919-923

·      G. Bartl, A. Nicolaus: Influence of the distribution of measuring points on the mean diameter determination of the Avogadro project's silicon spheres. Meas. Sci. Technol. 20 (2009) 065104

·      G. Bartl, A. Nicolaus, E. Kessler, R. Schödel and P. Becker: The coefficient of thermal expansion of highly enriched 28Si. Metrologia 46 (2009) 416-422

·      I. Busch, H.-U. Danzebrink, M. Krumrey, M. Borys, H. Bettin: Oxide layer mass determination at the silicon sphere of the Avogadro project. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 58 (2009) 891-896

·      Mana G., Massa E. and Valkiers S.: Uncertainty assessment of Si molar mass measurements. Int. Journ. of Mass Spectrom., 289 6-10

·      E. Massa, G. Mana and L. Ferroglio: Observation of a Bent Crystal-Lattice by X-Ray Interferometry. Optics Express, 17 (2009) 11172-11178

·      E. Massa , G. Mana, U. Kuetgens and L. Ferroglio: Measurement of the Lattice Parameter of a Silicon Crystal. New J. Phys. 11 (2009) 053013

·      E. Massa, G. Mana and U. Kuetgens: Comparison of the INRIM and PTB lattice-spacing standards. Metrologia 46 (2009) 249-253

·      P. Becker, H. Friedrich, K. Fujii, W. Giardini, G. Mana, A. Picard, H.-J. Pohl, H. Riemann and S. Valkiers: The Avogadro constant determination via enriched silicon-28. Meas. Sci. Technol. 20 092002 

·      A. Picard, N. Bignell, M. Borys, S. Downes and S. Mizushima: Mass comparison of the 1 kg silicon sphere AVO#3 traceable to the International Prototype K. Metrologia 46 (2009) 1-10

·      P. Becker, A. Nicolaus: The marathon race to a new atomic kilogram. Europhysicsnews 40 (2009) 23-26

·      P. Becker: Determination of the Avogadro constant – A contribution to the new definition of the mass unit kilogram. Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 172, 343-352 (2009)

·     Busch, S. Valkiers, P. Becker: Determination of the Avogadro constant, a contribution to the new definition of mass, in “Transverse disciplines in metrology”. Edited by the French College of Metrology, ISTE-Wiley, London 2009

·     S. Valkiers, M. Varlam, M. Berglund, P. Taylor, R. Gonfiantini, P. De Bievre: Absolute measurements of isotope amount ratios on gases Part II. Application of the measurement models developed on real gases. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 269 71-77

·      M.Varlam, S. Valkiers, M. Berglund, P. Taylor, R. Gonfiantini, P. De Bievre: Absolute measurements of isotope amount ratios on gases Part I. – Measurement of isotope amount ratios – basic theory. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 269 78-84

·      A. Apolloni, G. Mana, C. Palmisano, G. Zosi: X-ray and g-ray propagation in bent crystals with flat and cylindrical surfaces. Acta Cryst. (2008). A64, 549-559

·      L. Ferroglio, G. Mana, C. Palmisano and G. Zosi: Influence of surface stress in the determination of the (220) lattice spacing of silicon. Metrologia 45 (2008) 110-118

·      L. Ferroglio, G. Mana and E. Massa: Silicon lattice parameter measurements with centimetre x-ray interferometry. Optics Express, 16 (2008) 16877-16888

·      M. Inkret, S. Valkiers, M. Berglund, N. Majcen, P. Taylor and J. Zupan: Optimization of the Sample Preparation Procedure for the Conversion of Enriched ²⁸Si Single Crystal to Enriched Gaseous ²⁸SiF₄. Acta Chim. Slov. 2008, 55, 294–301

·      P. Becker: Towards an atomic realization of the kilogram: the measurement of N_A and N_Ah. Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 163 (2008) 127-139

·      P. Becker, A. Nicolaus: Hat das Urkilogramm bald ausgedient? Physik in unserer Zeit 39 (2008) 164-165

·      B. Andreas, U. Kuetgens and P. Becker: Fast and easy Bragg reflex search for Berg-Barrett topography of misoriented crystals.  J Appl. Cryst, (2008) 818-821

Lectures

·     E. Massa: Conference on Precision Electromagnetic measurements. Daejeon, Korea, 2010 June 13-18

·   A. Nicolaus: Conference on Precision Electromagnetic measurements. Daejeon, Korea, 2010 June 13-18

·     L. Ferroglio: Conference on Precision Electromagnetic measurements. Daejeon, Korea, 2010 June 13-18